The topographical features of biomaterials play pivotal roles in modulating bone regeneration by enhancing the osteogenic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) through cytoskeletal-nuclear dynamics. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the interplay between topography-induced cell morphology modulation and cytoskeletalnuclear responses remain poorly understood. In this study, we fabricated electrospun fber membranes with distinct aligned and random topographies and observed a signifcant enhancement in the osteogenic diferentiation of BMSCs in vitro on the aligned membranes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed the critical involvement of cytoskeletal reorganization, focal adhesion, and the Rap1 signaling pathway in this process. Specifcally, cell elongation driven by the aligned topography activated the p130Cas/Crk/Rap1 pathway, which in turn modulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and cytoskeletal rearrangement. This cytoskeletal remodeling induced nuclear deformation and enhanced the nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), synergistically promoting osteogenesis. Finally, in vivo experiments further confrmed the superior bone regeneration capacity of aligned fber membranes in a rat calvarial defect model. These fndings highlight the importance of the topographic features of aligned fbers in regulating cellular and nuclear morphology to enhance bone regeneration, suggesting a novel and efective strategy for tissue engineering applications